VPPNTAGCQEQGTYLDKSGVCRRPW |
VPRH |
MALT lymphoma-associated translocation |
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[Viral protein R] This highly conserved protein (96 amino acids) is encoded in the genome of HIV1. It is an accessory protein that is incorporated into virions in quantities equivalent to those of the viral Gag protein. The protein has pleiotropic effects (reviewed by Tungaturthi et al, 2003). During the early stages of HIV1 replication the protein is involved in the regulation of transcription of the proviral genome and in the migration of preintegration nuclear complexes. Vpr also plays a critical role in inducing viral infection in nondividing cells such as monocytes and macrophages. Vpr causes infected cells to arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and has been shown to affect cell death by apoptosis
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