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[isotype switch]
Functionally responsive mature IgM- and IgD-expressing B-cells undergo the process of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching (isotype switching) after antigenic stimulation. This allows their progeny to produce antibodies with heavy chains of different classes, such as gamma, alpha, and epsilon.
Isotype switching from IgM to other Ig isotypes typically occurs subsequent to a first exposure to antigen. At the molecular level this process involves the orderly somatic rearrangement (deletion) of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (CH) genes and/or alternative RNA splicing of germline transcripts.
Isotype switching in appropriately activated cells is regulated by T-helper cells through physical contact with B-cells (for example, through CD40) and some
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