zapA
zapA, a virulence factor of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis, is a 54 kDa extracellular metalloprotease (Wassif et al, 1995). The enzyme is expressed specifically during swarmer cell differentiation, a process crucial for bacterial pathogenesis during urinary tract infections (Walker et al, 1999).
zapA has the ability to degrade host immunoglobulins, complement factors (C1q and C3), cell matrix proteins (collagen, fibronectin, and laminin), and cytoskeletal proteins (actin and tubulin). It also cleaves and inactivates the antimicrobial peptides human beta-Defensin-1 and LL-37, which are associated with the innate immune response
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