endomorphin-2 |
EndoMT |
Vascular endothelial growth factor D |
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Two short tetrapeptides peptides, endomorphin-1 (abbr. EM-1; (Tyr-Pro-Trp-Pheamide; YPWFamide) and endomorphin-2 (abbr. EM-2; (Tyr-Pro-Phe-Pheamide; YPFFamide, closely related to one of the cytochrophins) have been isolated from bovine and human brain (Zadina et al, 1997; Hackler et al, 1997). The precursor is not known. Although there are proteins that contain endomorphin sequences they appear to lack the necessary cleavage sites for liberation of these peptides, which has raised the question whether they function as endogenous opioids in the mammalian
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