Clavaspirin
The gene encoding this histidine-rich, amidated 23-residue peptide (FLRFIGSVIHGIGHLVHHIGVALamide) has been cloned from a cDNA library prepared from pharyngeal tissues of the tunicate, Styela clava (Lee et al, 2001) (for other S. clava antimicrobial peptides see also: Clavanins).
Clavaspirin kills Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, permeabilizes the outer and inner membranes of Escherichia coli, lyses phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) liposomes, and is potently hemolytic towards human and bovine erythrocytes. Each of these activities is performed more effectively at an acidic pH.
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