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Established cell lines obtained by transformation of African green monkey kidney cells (CV-1 cell line) with Simian virus SV40 that had been mutated so that it could no longer replicate its DNA (SV40ori-defective).
COS cells constitutively express SV40 large T antigen, an early viral gene product that binds to the SV40 origin of DNA replication and allows host cell DNA polymerases to carry out multiple cycles of viral DNA replication. When the viral SV40 ori sequence is inserted into cloning vectors (for example plasmids of bacterial origin) these altered plasmids can replicate in high copy numbers in monkey
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