Phenol soluble modulins |
Phenylalanine hydroxylase-stimulating protein |
BCGF costimulation assay |
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This term has been coined in analogy with apoptosis by Skulachev (1997) to refer to the programmed death of an entire multicellular organisms due to the combined and cumulative effects of several molecular mechanisms. The theory is being referred to also as adaptive senescence or altruistic suicide. For an example that the phenomenon also applies to single-celled organisms (yeast) see: Sukhanova et al (2012).
The term soft phenoptosis refers to death by aging, which is extended in time and allows a certain degree of compensation. At the cellular level, this process may involve the combined effects over time of telomere shortening, age-related activation of a mechanism that induces the synthesis of heat shock proteins
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