PACAP/VIP2 receptor |
pacemaker neurons |
WKYMVm |
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[pacemaker cell, pacemaker, pacemakers]
Called also automatic cells. This cell type is characterized by its ability to initiate continuous electrical activity, i.e., this activity is intrinsic and does not depend on any external stimuli. Pacemaker cells are found in the heart and are responsible for the frequency of heart beats, with the strength being governed by ventricular myocytes. The pacemaker region of the mammalian heart is highly innervated with the sympathetic neurons. These neurons, and other cells in the proximity to the sinoatrial node (for example, myocytes, endothelial cells) can act in a paracrine or autocrine
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