Tip endothelial cells
[Tip endothelial cell]
Tip cells are specialized endothelial cells. Together with stalk cells and phalanx cells these cells are important for sprouting angiogenesis (Ribatti and Crivellato, 2012).
They are lumenless cells characterized by long filipodia extension. These cells are present at the leading edge of vascular sprouts that integrate directional cues from their environment. This defines the direction in which the new sprouts grow (Gerhardt et al, 2003) (see also: angiogenesis).
VEGF induces the membrane-bound Notch ligand delta-like-4 in the tip cells, which leads to the induction of the
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