Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin |
Staphylococcus aureus binder of IgG |
smooth muscle cells |
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Beta-toxin, which is known also as Beta-Hemolysin, is one of the exotoxins produced by most isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The gene, designated hlb, has been cloned by Projan et al (1989).
This protein of 39 kDa (330 amino acids) acts as a magnesium ion-dependent sphingomyelinase (phospholipase C), which degrades sphingomylin in the outer phospholipid membrane layer of erythrocytes. The toxin also significantly decreases the viability of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes (Marshall et al, 2000). Beta-toxin (approx. 5 ng/mL), kills over 50 % of human monocytes. Monocytes succumbing to Beta-toxin process and release
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