Holocrine glands |
holotrichous isorhizas |
IL23 |
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Hd-PGRP-1 (20 kDa) and Hd-PGRP-2 (17 kDa) are peptidoglycan recognition proteins (see also: PGRP) isolated from the hemolymph of large beetle (Holotrichia diomphalia) larvae. They are closely related to short forms of PGRP proteins in humans and Drosophila melanogaster. Both proteins bind 1,3-beta-D-glucan and peptidoglycan. Hd-PGRP-1 increases serine protease activity upon binding to 1,3-beta-D-glucan and subsequently induces phenoloxidase activity, a major innate immune response in invertebrates.
For other proteins/peptides with functions in innate immunity and/or antimicrobial activities see also:
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