Frenatin-2 |
Frenatin-3 |
GPCR27 |
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This amidated peptide (DLLGTLGNLPLPFIamide) has been identified in norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions of the Tyrrhenian painted frog Discoglossus sardus Tschudi, 1837 (Alytidae) (Conlon et al, 2013). Frenatin 2D (20 μg/mL) significantly stimulates the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL1-beta by mouse peritoneal macrophages but the peptide does not potentiate the stimulation produced by lipopolysaccharide. The peptide also increases IL12 production in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated cells. Stimulatory effects on IL6 production are not significant. Frenatin 2D may act on skin
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